sampling
ISO 948
ISO 2825
EC 1796
lot sampling
representative sample
sample trier
composite sample
dispute resolution---

Sampling Procedure — Representative Sampling of Paprika for Analysis¶

1. Purpose & Scope¶

This procedure defines the standardized method for drawing a representative sample from a paprika lot (powder, flakes, or whole pods) for quality analysis. Incorrect sampling is the single most common root cause of disputed ASTA results between buyer and seller. A sample that is not representative of the lot invalidates every subsequent analytical result.

Scope: All paprika products shipped by Dinweys (Qingdao).Co.,Ltd., including ground powder, crushed flakes, and whole dried pods.

Reference Standards: - ISO 948:2022 — Spices and condiments — Sampling - ISO 2825:1981 — Preparation of a ground sample for analysis - EC Regulation 1796/2016 — Methods of sampling and analysis - ASTA Method 20.1 — Sample preparation section - AOAC Guidelines — Sampling for mycotoxin testing

2. Definitions¶

Term	Definition
Lot	A defined quantity of paprika produced under uniform conditions (same harvest, same process, same shift). Typically a production batch or a shipping container.
Incremental Sample	A small portion taken from one point in the lot (one bag, one probe insertion).
Composite Sample	The aggregate of all incremental samples from the same lot, mixed thoroughly.
Laboratory Sample	A portion of the composite sample, reduced by quartering or riffling, sent to the lab.
Test Portion	The actual amount weighed for a specific analysis (e.g., 0.08 g for ASTA extraction).

3. Sampling Equipment¶

Item	Specification	Purpose
Sample trier (bag probe)	Stainless steel, 500–800 mm length, 12–14 mm Ø	Penetrate bags for powder/flakes
Multi-compartment probe	6–8 compartments	Stratified sampling from bag depth
Polyethylene sample bags	Ziplock, 500 g capacity	Primary sample containment
Riffle splitter	12–20 channels, stainless steel	Composite → laboratory sample reduction
Quartering sheet	PE or stainless, 600 × 600 mm	Sample reduction when riffle unavailable
Sealing tape	Tamper-evident	Sample bag closure + seal
Label set	Waterproof, pre-printed	Batch ID, date, sampler, sample type

4. Sampling Plan¶

4.1 Lot Size vs. Incremental Samples¶

Lot Size	Minimum Incremental Samples	Minimum Incremental Sample Weight
≤ 500 kg (≤ 20 bags)	≥ 5	100 g each
500 – 3,000 kg (20–120 bags)	≥ 10	100 g each
3,000 – 10,000 kg (120–400 bags)	≥ 15	100 g each
10,000 – 20,000 kg (400–800 bags)	≥ 20	100 g each
> 20,000 kg	≥ 25	100 g each

For container shipments (20′ FCL ≈ 18–22 MT): Sample 20 bags minimum, distributed across: - 7 bags from front of container - 6 bags from middle - 7 bags from rear

4.2 Bag Selection¶

Select bags using systematic random sampling: choose every Nth bag (e.g., every 5^th bag for a 100-bag lot with 20 samples needed). If visual quality variation is observed across the lot, increase sample count by 50%.

5. Sampling Procedure — Step by Step¶

Phase 1: Preparation¶

Confirm the lot is fully assembled and accessible (all bags in one location).
Verify lot identity: product name, grade, batch number, quantity.
Assemble all sampling equipment and verify cleanliness (no cross-contamination from previous lots).
Wear clean gloves. Change gloves between lots.

Phase 2: Incremental Sample Collection¶

Step	Action	Detail
2.1	Position the bag	Lay bag horizontal on clean pallet or floor
2.2	Insert probe	From bag corner, insert at 30–45° angle diagonally toward opposite corner
2.3	Rotate and withdraw	Rotate trier 180° and withdraw slowly to retain stratified column
2.4	Empty into bag	Transfer contents of trier into labeled composite collection bag
2.5	Seal puncture	Apply adhesive patch to bag puncture (food-grade)
2.6	Repeat	Move to next selected bag per sampling plan

Critical Rules: - Never take all samples from bags on the same pallet row. - Never sample only from accessible bags (front/outer rows only). - Never combine incremental samples from different lots.

Phase 3: Composite Sample Preparation¶

Collect all incremental samples into one clean, dry container.
Mix thoroughly by manual tumbling or mechanical blending for ≥ 2 minutes.
Total composite sample weight: ≥ 2 kg minimum for a full QC testing suite.

Phase 4: Sample Reduction¶

Method	Procedure	Best For
Riffle splitting	Pass composite through riffle splitter 3×, collecting alternate streams → repeat until desired weight (500 g)	Powder and flakes
Quartering	Spread composite on sheet → divide into 4 quarters → take 2 opposite quarters → mix → repeat	Whole pods
Scoop sampling	Never use — inherently bias-prone	—

Phase 5: Sample Subdivision¶

Reduce composite to:

Sample Type	Weight	Purpose
Laboratory Sample A	500 g	Primary analysis (ASTA, moisture, etc.)
Laboratory Sample B	500 g	Retained sample (dispute resolution)
Retained Sample	500–1000 g	Archive — held 12 months past expiry

Phase 6: Sealing, Labeling & Transport¶

Place each sample in clean PE ziplock bag.
Express air, seal, apply tamper-evident tape.
Label with: Product name, Batch number, Date, Sampler name, Lot size, Sample type (A/B/Retain).
Store at 15–25°C in dark until transport.
Transport to lab within 24 hours; submit Chain-of-Custody form.

6. Special Sampling Protocols¶

6.1 Sampling for Mycotoxin Analysis¶

Use dedicated probe (no cross-contamination from grain/pulses).
Take 3× the normal number of incremental samples (mycotoxins distribute heterogeneously).
Minimum composite: 5 kg.
Comminute entire composite in vertical cutter mill before subdividing (per EC 401/2006).

6.2 Sampling for Salmonella Detection¶

Use sterile probe and sample bags.
Combine 10–20 incremental samples into composit sample of minimum 500 g.
Submit to lab with request for 25-g test portions per FDA BAM method.

6.3 Sampling from Bulk Containers (FIBC)¶

Cannot probe FIBCs (do not penetrate — risk of contamination).
Open FIBC top, take scoop samples from 6 points: top center, top edge (×4), middle depth (probe arm).
Combine into composite.

7. Common Sampling Errors¶

Error	Consequence	Prevention
Sampling only accessible bags	Over-represents outer rows → biased result	Use systematic random plan
Insufficient incremental samples	High sampling variance → unreliable result	Follow ISO 948 minimum table
No retained sample	No basis for dispute resolution	Always split 3-way
Cross-contaminated probe	Previous lot residue → false result	Clean probe between lots
Scoop sampling from bag top	Over-represents fines → elevated ASTA reading	Use full-depth probe
Sample exposed to light/heat	ASTA degradation in transit	Opaque bag + cool transport
Not recording conditions	No evidence for deviation analysis	Use sampling checklist

8. Documentation & Traceability¶

Complete the Sampling Record for every lot:

Field	Required	Notes
Date and time of sampling	✅
Sampler name and signature	✅
Product name and batch number	✅
Lot size (kg, # bags)	✅
Number of incremental samples	✅
Composite sample weight	✅
Sample A/B/Retain weights	✅
Sample condition at collection	✅	Odor, visible defects, temperature
Ambient conditions	✅	Temp, RH, lighting
Photographs of lot	Recommended	Digital attachment
Time from sampling to lab receipt	✅

9. Dispute Resolution Protocol¶

If the buyer's analysis differs from the seller's COA:

Both parties confirm sampling was per ISO 948.
Exchange retained samples (Sample B from each side).
Submit both retained samples to an accredited third-party lab (e.g., Eurofins, SGS, Intertek).
If third-party result is within method reproducibility (±5 ASTA units for ASTA 20.1), both results are valid — the average is taken as the agreed value.
If third-party result confirms one party's value was accurate and the other's was not, the inaccurate party bears the retest cost.

Cross-References¶

Incoming Inspection — Receiving sampling at warehouse
ASTA Color Test Record — Laboratory analysis of samples
CAPA Report — Sampling deviation as CAPA trigger
ASTA Color Value — Analytical method
Acceptance Criteria — Pass/fail using sampled results

This document is part of the official technical documentation library for paprikabulk.com* operated by Dinweys (Qingdao).Co.,Ltd.

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